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A Toyotas coolant temperature is regulated by many electrical and mechanical components. One of the more important components is the cooling fan. The fan lowers the coolant temperature after the coolant has finished its cycle through the engine.
Motor
A Toyotas cooling fan is powered by an electric motor. As the motor ages, the circuitry can fail, causing the motor to malfunction. This leads to the fan not operating properly or not at all.
Temperature Sensor
The Toyotas fan only turns on when the coolant reaches a certain temperature, which is measured by a sensor. This sensor switches the cooling fan off and on as needed. A failed sensor can cause the fan to run excessively or not run when cooling is needed.
Relay
The cooling fan in a Toyota has a relay to regulate when power is provided to the fan. When this relay goes bad -- due to coil failure or excessive resistance -- the fan cannot receive its prescribed amount of electricity and will either work slowly or not at all.
